cakephp/tests/TestCase/Collection/CollectionTest.php

<?php
/**
 * CakePHP(tm) : Rapid Development Framework (http://cakephp.org)
 * Copyright (c) Cake Software Foundation, Inc. (http://cakefoundation.org)
 *
 * Licensed under The MIT License
 * For full copyright and license information, please see the LICENSE.txt
 * Redistributions of files must retain the above copyright notice.
 *
 * @copyright     Copyright (c) Cake Software Foundation, Inc. (http://cakefoundation.org)
 * @link          http://cakephp.org CakePHP(tm) Project
 * @since         3.0.0
 * @license       http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php MIT License
 */
namespace Cake\Test\TestCase\Collection;

use ArrayIterator;
use ArrayObject;
use Cake\Collection\Collection;
use Cake\TestSuite\TestCase;
use NoRewindIterator;

/**
 * CollectionTest
 *
 */
class CollectionTest extends TestCase {

/**
 * Tests that it is possible to convert an array into a collection
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testArrayIsWrapped() {
		$items = [1, 2, 3];
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$this->assertEquals($items, iterator_to_array($collection));
	}

/**
 * Tests that it is possible to convert an iterator into a collection
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testIteratorIsWrapped() {
		$items = new \ArrayObject([1, 2, 3]);
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$this->assertEquals(iterator_to_array($items), iterator_to_array($collection));
	}

/**
 * Test running a method over all elements in the collection
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testEeach() {
		$items = ['a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' => 3];
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$callable = $this->getMock('stdClass', ['__invoke']);
		$callable->expects($this->at(0))
			->method('__invoke')
			->with(1, 'a');
		$callable->expects($this->at(1))
			->method('__invoke')
			->with(2, 'b');
		$callable->expects($this->at(2))
			->method('__invoke')
			->with(3, 'c');
		$collection->each($callable);
	}

/**
 * Test filter() with no callback.
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testFilterNoCallback() {
		$items = [1, 2, 0, 3, false, 4, null, 5, ''];
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$result = $collection->filter()->toArray();
		$expected = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
		$this->assertEquals($expected, array_values($result));
	}

/**
 * Tests that it is possible to chain filter() as it returns a collection object
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testFilterChaining() {
		$items = ['a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' => 3];
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$callable = $this->getMock('stdClass', ['__invoke']);
		$callable->expects($this->once())
			->method('__invoke')
			->with(3, 'c');
		$filtered = $collection->filter(function ($value, $key, $iterator) {
			return $value > 2;
		});

		$this->assertInstanceOf('Cake\Collection\Collection', $filtered);
		$filtered->each($callable);
	}

/**
 * Tests reject
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testReject() {
		$items = ['a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' => 3];
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$result = $collection->reject(function ($v, $k, $items) use ($collection) {
			$this->assertSame($collection, $items);
			return $v > 2;
		});
		$this->assertEquals(['a' => 1, 'b' => 2], iterator_to_array($result));
		$this->assertInstanceOf('Cake\Collection\Collection', $result);
	}

/**
 * Tests every when the callback returns true for all elements
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testEveryReturnTrue() {
		$items = ['a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' => 3];
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$callable = $this->getMock('stdClass', ['__invoke']);
		$callable->expects($this->at(0))
			->method('__invoke')
			->with(1, 'a')
			->will($this->returnValue(true));
		$callable->expects($this->at(1))
			->method('__invoke')
			->with(2, 'b')
			->will($this->returnValue(true));
		$callable->expects($this->at(2))
			->method('__invoke')
			->with(3, 'c')
			->will($this->returnValue(true));
		$this->assertTrue($collection->every($callable));
	}

/**
 * Tests every when the callback returns false for one of the elements
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testEveryReturnFalse() {
		$items = ['a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' => 3];
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$callable = $this->getMock('stdClass', ['__invoke']);
		$callable->expects($this->at(0))
			->method('__invoke')
			->with(1, 'a')
			->will($this->returnValue(true));
		$callable->expects($this->at(1))
			->method('__invoke')
			->with(2, 'b')
			->will($this->returnValue(false));
		$callable->expects($this->exactly(2))->method('__invoke');
		$this->assertFalse($collection->every($callable));
	}

/**
 * Tests some() when one of the calls return true
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testSomeReturnTrue() {
		$items = ['a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' => 3];
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$callable = $this->getMock('stdClass', ['__invoke']);
		$callable->expects($this->at(0))
			->method('__invoke')
			->with(1, 'a')
			->will($this->returnValue(false));
		$callable->expects($this->at(1))
			->method('__invoke')
			->with(2, 'b')
			->will($this->returnValue(true));
		$callable->expects($this->exactly(2))->method('__invoke');
		$this->assertTrue($collection->some($callable));
	}

/**
 * Tests some() when none of the calls return true
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testSomeReturnFalse() {
		$items = ['a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' => 3];
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$callable = $this->getMock('stdClass', ['__invoke']);
		$callable->expects($this->at(0))
			->method('__invoke')
			->with(1, 'a')
			->will($this->returnValue(false));
		$callable->expects($this->at(1))
			->method('__invoke')
			->with(2, 'b')
			->will($this->returnValue(false));
		$callable->expects($this->at(2))
			->method('__invoke')
			->with(3, 'c')
			->will($this->returnValue(false));
		$this->assertFalse($collection->some($callable));
	}

/**
 * Tests contains
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testContains() {
		$items = ['a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' => 3];
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$this->assertTrue($collection->contains(2));
		$this->assertTrue($collection->contains(1));
		$this->assertFalse($collection->contains(10));
		$this->assertFalse($collection->contains('2'));
	}

/**
 * Tests map
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testMap() {
		$items = ['a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' => 3];
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$map = $collection->map(function ($v, $k, $it) use ($collection) {
			$this->assertSame($collection, $it);
			return $v * $v;
		});
		$this->assertInstanceOf('Cake\Collection\Iterator\ReplaceIterator', $map);
		$this->assertEquals(['a' => 1, 'b' => 4, 'c' => 9], iterator_to_array($map));
	}

/**
 * Tests reduce
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testReduce() {
		$items = ['a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' => 3];
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$callable = $this->getMock('stdClass', ['__invoke']);
		$callable->expects($this->at(0))
			->method('__invoke')
			->with(10, 1, 'a')
			->will($this->returnValue(11));
		$callable->expects($this->at(1))
			->method('__invoke')
			->with(11, 2, 'b')
			->will($this->returnValue(13));
		$callable->expects($this->at(2))
			->method('__invoke')
			->with(13, 3, 'c')
			->will($this->returnValue(16));
		$this->assertEquals(16, $collection->reduce($callable, 10));
	}

/**
 * Tests extract
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testExtract() {
		$items = [['a' => ['b' => ['c' => 1]]], 2];
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$map = $collection->extract('a.b.c');
		$this->assertInstanceOf('Cake\Collection\Iterator\ExtractIterator', $map);
		$this->assertEquals([1, null], iterator_to_array($map));
	}

/**
 * Tests sort
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testSortString() {
		$items = [
			['a' => ['b' => ['c' => 4]]],
			['a' => ['b' => ['c' => 10]]],
			['a' => ['b' => ['c' => 6]]]
		];
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$map = $collection->sortBy('a.b.c');
		$this->assertInstanceOf('Cake\Collection\Collection', $map);
		$expected = [
			2 => ['a' => ['b' => ['c' => 10]]],
			1 => ['a' => ['b' => ['c' => 6]]],
			0 => ['a' => ['b' => ['c' => 4]]],
		];
		$this->assertEquals($expected, iterator_to_array($map));
	}

/**
 * Tests max
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testMax() {
		$items = [
			['a' => ['b' => ['c' => 4]]],
			['a' => ['b' => ['c' => 10]]],
			['a' => ['b' => ['c' => 6]]]
		];
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$this->assertEquals(['a' => ['b' => ['c' => 10]]], $collection->max('a.b.c'));

		$callback = function ($e) {
			return $e['a']['b']['c'] * - 1;
		};
		$this->assertEquals(['a' => ['b' => ['c' => 4]]], $collection->max($callback));
	}

/**
 * Tests min
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testMin() {
		$items = [
			['a' => ['b' => ['c' => 4]]],
			['a' => ['b' => ['c' => 10]]],
			['a' => ['b' => ['c' => 6]]]
		];
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$this->assertEquals(['a' => ['b' => ['c' => 4]]], $collection->min('a.b.c'));
	}

/**
 * Tests groupBy
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testGroupBy() {
		$items = [
			['id' => 1, 'name' => 'foo', 'parent_id' => 10],
			['id' => 2, 'name' => 'bar', 'parent_id' => 11],
			['id' => 3, 'name' => 'baz', 'parent_id' => 10],
		];
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$grouped = $collection->groupBy('parent_id');
		$expected = [
			10 => [
				['id' => 1, 'name' => 'foo', 'parent_id' => 10],
				['id' => 3, 'name' => 'baz', 'parent_id' => 10],
			],
			11 => [
				['id' => 2, 'name' => 'bar', 'parent_id' => 11],
			]
		];
		$this->assertEquals($expected, iterator_to_array($grouped));
		$this->assertInstanceOf('Cake\Collection\Collection', $grouped);

		$grouped = $collection->groupBy(function ($element) {
			return $element['parent_id'];
		});
		$this->assertEquals($expected, iterator_to_array($grouped));
	}

/**
 * Tests grouping by a deep key
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testGroupByDeepKey() {
		$items = [
			['id' => 1, 'name' => 'foo', 'thing' => ['parent_id' => 10]],
			['id' => 2, 'name' => 'bar', 'thing' => ['parent_id' => 11]],
			['id' => 3, 'name' => 'baz', 'thing' => ['parent_id' => 10]],
		];
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$grouped = $collection->groupBy('thing.parent_id');
		$expected = [
			10 => [
				['id' => 1, 'name' => 'foo', 'thing' => ['parent_id' => 10]],
				['id' => 3, 'name' => 'baz', 'thing' => ['parent_id' => 10]],
			],
			11 => [
				['id' => 2, 'name' => 'bar', 'thing' => ['parent_id' => 11]],
			]
		];
		$this->assertEquals($expected, iterator_to_array($grouped));
	}

/**
 * Tests indexBy
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testIndexBy() {
		$items = [
			['id' => 1, 'name' => 'foo', 'parent_id' => 10],
			['id' => 2, 'name' => 'bar', 'parent_id' => 11],
			['id' => 3, 'name' => 'baz', 'parent_id' => 10],
		];
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$grouped = $collection->indexBy('id');
		$expected = [
			1 => ['id' => 1, 'name' => 'foo', 'parent_id' => 10],
			3 => ['id' => 3, 'name' => 'baz', 'parent_id' => 10],
			2 => ['id' => 2, 'name' => 'bar', 'parent_id' => 11],
		];
		$this->assertEquals($expected, iterator_to_array($grouped));
		$this->assertInstanceOf('Cake\Collection\Collection', $grouped);

		$grouped = $collection->indexBy(function ($element) {
			return $element['id'];
		});
		$this->assertEquals($expected, iterator_to_array($grouped));
	}

/**
 * Tests indexBy with a deep property
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testIndexByDeep() {
		$items = [
			['id' => 1, 'name' => 'foo', 'thing' => ['parent_id' => 10]],
			['id' => 2, 'name' => 'bar', 'thing' => ['parent_id' => 11]],
			['id' => 3, 'name' => 'baz', 'thing' => ['parent_id' => 10]],
		];
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$grouped = $collection->indexBy('thing.parent_id');
		$expected = [
			10 => ['id' => 3, 'name' => 'baz', 'thing' => ['parent_id' => 10]],
			11 => ['id' => 2, 'name' => 'bar', 'thing' => ['parent_id' => 11]],
		];
		$this->assertEquals($expected, iterator_to_array($grouped));
	}

/**
 * Tests countBy
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testCountBy() {
		$items = [
			['id' => 1, 'name' => 'foo', 'parent_id' => 10],
			['id' => 2, 'name' => 'bar', 'parent_id' => 11],
			['id' => 3, 'name' => 'baz', 'parent_id' => 10],
		];
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$grouped = $collection->countBy('parent_id');
		$expected = [
			10 => 2,
			11 => 1
		];
		$this->assertEquals($expected, iterator_to_array($grouped));
		$this->assertInstanceOf('Cake\Collection\Collection', $grouped);

		$grouped = $collection->countBy(function ($element) {
			return $element['parent_id'];
		});
		$this->assertEquals($expected, iterator_to_array($grouped));
	}

/**
 * Tests shuffle
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testShuffle() {
		$data = [1, 2, 3, 4];
		$collection = (new Collection($data))->shuffle();
		$this->assertEquals(count($data), count(iterator_to_array($collection)));

		foreach ($collection as $value) {
			$this->assertContains($value, $data);
		}
	}

/**
 * Tests sample
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testSample() {
		$data = [1, 2, 3, 4];
		$collection = (new Collection($data))->sample(2);
		$this->assertEquals(2, count(iterator_to_array($collection)));

		foreach ($collection as $value) {
			$this->assertContains($value, $data);
		}
	}

/**
 * Test toArray method
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testToArray() {
		$data = [1, 2, 3, 4];
		$collection = new Collection($data);
		$this->assertEquals($data, $collection->toArray());
	}

/**
 * Test json enconding
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testToJson() {
		$data = [1, 2, 3, 4];
		$collection = new Collection($data);
		$this->assertEquals(json_encode($data), json_encode($collection));
	}

/**
 * Tests that only arrays and Traversables are allowed in the constructor
 *
 * @expectedException \InvalidArgumentException
 * @expectedExceptionMessage Only an array or \Traversable is allowed for Collection
 * @return void
 */
	public function testInvalidConstructorArgument() {
		new Collection('Derp');
	}

/**
 * Tests take method
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testTake() {
		$data = [1, 2, 3, 4];
		$collection = new Collection($data);

		$taken = $collection->take(2);
		$this->assertEquals([1, 2], $taken->toArray());

		$taken = $collection->take(3);
		$this->assertEquals([1, 2, 3], $taken->toArray());

		$taken = $collection->take(500);
		$this->assertEquals([1, 2, 3, 4], $taken->toArray());

		$taken = $collection->take(1);
		$this->assertEquals([1], $taken->toArray());

		$taken = $collection->take();
		$this->assertEquals([1], $taken->toArray());

		$taken = $collection->take(2, 2);
		$this->assertEquals([2 => 3, 3 => 4], $taken->toArray());
	}

/**
 * Tests match
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testMatch() {
		$items = [
			['id' => 1, 'name' => 'foo', 'thing' => ['parent_id' => 10]],
			['id' => 2, 'name' => 'bar', 'thing' => ['parent_id' => 11]],
			['id' => 3, 'name' => 'baz', 'thing' => ['parent_id' => 10]],
		];
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$matched = $collection->match(['thing.parent_id' => 10, 'name' => 'baz']);
		$this->assertEquals([2 => $items[2]], $matched->toArray());

		$matched = $collection->match(['thing.parent_id' => 10]);
		$this->assertEquals(
			[0 => $items[0], 2 => $items[2]],
			$matched->toArray()
		);

		$matched = $collection->match(['thing.parent_id' => 500]);
		$this->assertEquals([], $matched->toArray());

		$matched = $collection->match(['parent_id' => 10, 'name' => 'baz']);
		$this->assertEquals([], $matched->toArray());
	}

/**
 * Tests firstMatch
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testFirstMatch() {
		$items = [
			['id' => 1, 'name' => 'foo', 'thing' => ['parent_id' => 10]],
			['id' => 2, 'name' => 'bar', 'thing' => ['parent_id' => 11]],
			['id' => 3, 'name' => 'baz', 'thing' => ['parent_id' => 10]],
		];
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$matched = $collection->firstMatch(['thing.parent_id' => 10]);
		$this->assertEquals(
			['id' => 1, 'name' => 'foo', 'thing' => ['parent_id' => 10]],
			$matched
		);

		$matched = $collection->firstMatch(['thing.parent_id' => 10, 'name' => 'baz']);
		$this->assertEquals(
			['id' => 3, 'name' => 'baz', 'thing' => ['parent_id' => 10]],
			$matched
		);
	}

/**
 * Tests the append method
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testAppend() {
		$collection = new Collection([1, 2, 3]);
		$combined = $collection->append([4, 5, 6]);
		$this->assertEquals([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], $combined->toArray(false));

		$collection = new Collection(['a' => 1, 'b' => 2]);
		$combined = $collection->append(['c' => 3, 'a' => 4]);
		$this->assertEquals(['a' => 4, 'b' => 2, 'c' => 3], $combined->toArray());
	}

/**
 * Tests that by calling compile internal iteration operations are not done
 * more than once
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testCompile() {
		$items = ['a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' => 3];
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$callable = $this->getMock('stdClass', ['__invoke']);
		$callable->expects($this->at(0))
			->method('__invoke')
			->with(1, 'a')
			->will($this->returnValue(4));
		$callable->expects($this->at(1))
			->method('__invoke')
			->with(2, 'b')
			->will($this->returnValue(5));
		$callable->expects($this->at(2))
			->method('__invoke')
			->with(3, 'c')
			->will($this->returnValue(6));
		$compiled = $collection->map($callable)->compile();
		$this->assertEquals(['a' => 4, 'b' => 5, 'c' => 6], $compiled->toArray());
		$this->assertEquals(['a' => 4, 'b' => 5, 'c' => 6], $compiled->toArray());
	}

/**
 * Tests converting a non rewindable iterator into a rewindable one using
 * the buffered method.
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testBuffered() {
		$items = new NoRewindIterator(new ArrayIterator(['a' => 4, 'b' => 5, 'c' => 6]));
		$buffered = (new Collection($items))->buffered();
		$this->assertEquals(['a' => 4, 'b' => 5, 'c' => 6], $buffered->toArray());
		$this->assertEquals(['a' => 4, 'b' => 5, 'c' => 6], $buffered->toArray());
	}

/**
 * Tests the combine method
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testCombine() {
		$items = [
			['id' => 1, 'name' => 'foo', 'parent' => 'a'],
			['id' => 2, 'name' => 'bar', 'parent' => 'b'],
			['id' => 3, 'name' => 'baz', 'parent' => 'a']
		];
		$collection = (new Collection($items))->combine('id', 'name');
		$expected = [1 => 'foo', 2 => 'bar', 3 => 'baz'];
		$this->assertEquals($expected, $collection->toArray());

		$expected = ['foo' => 1, 'bar' => 2, 'baz' => 3];
		$collection = (new Collection($items))->combine('name', 'id');
		$this->assertEquals($expected, $collection->toArray());

		$collection = (new Collection($items))->combine('id', 'name', 'parent');
		$expected = ['a' => [1 => 'foo', 3 => 'baz'], 'b' => [2 => 'bar']];
		$this->assertEquals($expected, $collection->toArray());

		$expected = [
			'0-1' => ['foo-0-1' => '0-1-foo'],
			'1-2' => ['bar-1-2' => '1-2-bar'],
			'2-3' => ['baz-2-3' => '2-3-baz']
		];
		$collection = (new Collection($items))->combine(
			function ($value, $key) {
				return $value['name'] . '-' . $key;
			},
			function ($value, $key) {
				return $key . '-' . $value['name'];
			},
			function ($value, $key) {
				return $key . '-' . $value['id'];
			}
		);
		$this->assertEquals($expected, $collection->toArray());

		$collection = (new Collection($items))->combine('id', 'crazy');
		$this->assertEquals([1 => null, 2 => null, 3 => null], $collection->toArray());
	}

/**
 * Tests the nest method with only one level
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testNest() {
		$items = [
			['id' => 1, 'parent_id' => null],
			['id' => 2, 'parent_id' => 1],
			['id' => 3, 'parent_id' => 1],
			['id' => 4, 'parent_id' => 1],
			['id' => 5, 'parent_id' => 6],
			['id' => 6, 'parent_id' => null],
			['id' => 7, 'parent_id' => 1],
			['id' => 8, 'parent_id' => 6],
			['id' => 9, 'parent_id' => 6],
			['id' => 10, 'parent_id' => 6]
		];
		$collection = (new Collection($items))->nest('id', 'parent_id');
		$expected = [
			[
				'id' => 1,
				'parent_id' => null,
				'children' => [
					['id' => 2, 'parent_id' => 1, 'children' => []],
					['id' => 3, 'parent_id' => 1, 'children' => []],
					['id' => 4, 'parent_id' => 1, 'children' => []],
					['id' => 7, 'parent_id' => 1, 'children' => []]
				]
			],
			[
				'id' => 6,
				'parent_id' => null,
				'children' => [
					['id' => 5, 'parent_id' => 6, 'children' => []],
					['id' => 8, 'parent_id' => 6, 'children' => []],
					['id' => 9, 'parent_id' => 6, 'children' => []],
					['id' => 10, 'parent_id' => 6, 'children' => []]
				]
			]
		];
		$this->assertEquals($expected, $collection->toArray());
	}

/**
 * Tests the nest method with more than one level
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testNestMultiLevel() {
		$items = [
			['id' => 1, 'parent_id' => null],
			['id' => 2, 'parent_id' => 1],
			['id' => 3, 'parent_id' => 2],
			['id' => 4, 'parent_id' => 2],
			['id' => 5, 'parent_id' => 3],
			['id' => 6, 'parent_id' => null],
			['id' => 7, 'parent_id' => 3],
			['id' => 8, 'parent_id' => 4],
			['id' => 9, 'parent_id' => 6],
			['id' => 10, 'parent_id' => 6]
		];
		$collection = (new Collection($items))->nest('id', 'parent_id');
		$expected = [
			[
				'id' => 1,
				'parent_id' => null,
				'children' => [
					[
						'id' => 2,
						'parent_id' => 1,
						'children' => [
							[
								'id' => 3,
								'parent_id' => 2,
								'children' => [
									['id' => 5, 'parent_id' => 3, 'children' => []],
									['id' => 7, 'parent_id' => 3, 'children' => []]
								]
							],
							[
								'id' => 4,
								'parent_id' => 2,
								'children' => [
									['id' => 8, 'parent_id' => 4, 'children' => []]
								]
							]
						]
					]
				]
			],
			[
				'id' => 6,
				'parent_id' => null,
				'children' => [
					['id' => 9, 'parent_id' => 6, 'children' => []],
					['id' => 10, 'parent_id' => 6, 'children' => []]
				]
			]
		];
		$this->assertEquals($expected, $collection->toArray());
	}

/**
 * Tests the nest method with more than one level
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testNestObjects() {
		$items = [
			new ArrayObject(['id' => 1, 'parent_id' => null]),
			new ArrayObject(['id' => 2, 'parent_id' => 1]),
			new ArrayObject(['id' => 3, 'parent_id' => 2]),
			new ArrayObject(['id' => 4, 'parent_id' => 2]),
			new ArrayObject(['id' => 5, 'parent_id' => 3]),
			new ArrayObject(['id' => 6, 'parent_id' => null]),
			new ArrayObject(['id' => 7, 'parent_id' => 3]),
			new ArrayObject(['id' => 8, 'parent_id' => 4]),
			new ArrayObject(['id' => 9, 'parent_id' => 6]),
			new ArrayObject(['id' => 10, 'parent_id' => 6])
		];
		$collection = (new Collection($items))->nest('id', 'parent_id');
		$expected = [
			new ArrayObject([
				'id' => 1,
				'parent_id' => null,
				'children' => [
					new ArrayObject([
						'id' => 2,
						'parent_id' => 1,
						'children' => [
							new ArrayObject([
								'id' => 3,
								'parent_id' => 2,
								'children' => [
									new ArrayObject(['id' => 5, 'parent_id' => 3, 'children' => []]),
									new ArrayObject(['id' => 7, 'parent_id' => 3, 'children' => []])
								]
							]),
							new ArrayObject([
								'id' => 4,
								'parent_id' => 2,
								'children' => [
									new ArrayObject(['id' => 8, 'parent_id' => 4, 'children' => []])
								]
							])
						]
					])
				]
			]),
			new ArrayObject([
				'id' => 6,
				'parent_id' => null,
				'children' => [
					new ArrayObject(['id' => 9, 'parent_id' => 6, 'children' => []]),
					new ArrayObject(['id' => 10, 'parent_id' => 6, 'children' => []])
				]
			])
		];
		$this->assertEquals($expected, $collection->toArray());
	}

/**
 * Tests insert
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testInsert() {
		$items = [['a' => 1], ['b' => 2]];
		$collection = new Collection($items);
		$iterator = $collection->insert('c', [3, 4]);
		$this->assertInstanceOf('Cake\Collection\Iterator\InsertIterator', $iterator);
		$this->assertEquals(
			[['a' => 1, 'c' => 3], ['b' => 2, 'c' => 4]],
			iterator_to_array($iterator)
		);
	}

/**
 * Provider for testing each of the direcations for listNested
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function nestedListProvider() {
		return [
			['desc', [1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 4, 8, 6, 9, 10]],
			['asc', [5, 7, 3, 8, 4, 2, 1, 9, 10, 6]],
			['leaves', [5, 7, 8, 9, 10]]
		];
	}

/**
 * Tests the listNested method with the default 'children' nesting key
 *
 * @dataProvider nestedListProvider
 * @return void
 */
	public function testListNested($dir, $expected) {
		$items = [
			['id' => 1, 'parent_id' => null],
			['id' => 2, 'parent_id' => 1],
			['id' => 3, 'parent_id' => 2],
			['id' => 4, 'parent_id' => 2],
			['id' => 5, 'parent_id' => 3],
			['id' => 6, 'parent_id' => null],
			['id' => 7, 'parent_id' => 3],
			['id' => 8, 'parent_id' => 4],
			['id' => 9, 'parent_id' => 6],
			['id' => 10, 'parent_id' => 6]
		];
		$collection = (new Collection($items))->nest('id', 'parent_id')->listNested($dir);
		$this->assertEquals($expected, $collection->extract('id')->toArray(false));
	}

/**
 * Tests using listNested with a different nesting key
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testListNestedCustomKey() {
		$items = [
			['id' => 1, 'stuff' => [['id' => 2, 'stuff' => [['id' => 3]]]]],
			['id' => 4, 'stuff' => [['id' => 5]]]
		];
		$collection = (new Collection($items))->listNested('desc', 'stuff');
		$this->assertEquals(range(1, 5), $collection->extract('id')->toArray(false));
	}

/**
 * Tests flattening the collection using a custom callable function
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testListNestedWithCallable() {
		$items = [
			['id' => 1, 'stuff' => [['id' => 2, 'stuff' => [['id' => 3]]]]],
			['id' => 4, 'stuff' => [['id' => 5]]]
		];
		$collection = (new Collection($items))->listNested('desc', function ($item) {
			return isset($item['stuff']) ? $item['stuff'] : [];
		});
		$this->assertEquals(range(1, 5), $collection->extract('id')->toArray(false));
	}

/**
 * Tests the sumOf method
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testSumOf() {
		$items = [
			['invoice' => ['total' => 100]],
			['invoice' => ['total' => 200]]
		];
		$this->assertEquals(300, (new Collection($items))->sumOf('invoice.total'));

		$sum = (new Collection($items))->sumOf(function ($v) {
			return $v['invoice']['total'] * 2;
		});
		$this->assertEquals(600, $sum);
	}

/**
 * Tests the stopWhen method with a callable
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testStopWhenCallable() {
		$items = [10, 20, 40, 10, 5];
		$collection = (new Collection($items))->stopWhen(function ($v) {
			return $v > 20;
		});
		$this->assertEquals([10, 20], $collection->toArray());
	}

/**
 * Tests the stopWhen method with a matching array
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function testStopWhenWithArray() {
		$items = [
			['foo' => 'bar'],
			['foo' => 'baz'],
			['foo' => 'foo']
		];
		$collection = (new Collection($items))->stopWhen(['foo' => 'baz']);
		$this->assertEquals([['foo' => 'bar']], $collection->toArray());
	}

	public function testUnfold() {
		$items = [
			[1, 2, 3, 4],
			[5, 6],
			[7, 8]
		];

		$collection = (new Collection($items))->unfold();
		$this->assertEquals(range(1, 8), $collection->toArray(false));
	}

}